The ongoing study strongly suggests that raising an abandoned child in a family setting is not just socially desirable but medically therapeutic to the child. Orphans given over to family care at a very early age -- ideally before age 2 -- are almost certain to grow up stronger, healthier, and smarter than those who remain in institutions.
Even more dramatically, the study has found that foster care -- or better still, adoption -- appears to actually undo some of the developmental harm done to children in state facilities. But the speed of placement, getting a child into a family before too much institutional damage is done, may be at least as critical as the quality of the new home.
"In almost every case, the sooner an orphan is placed with a family, the better off that child will be," said Charles A. Nelson, professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and one of the lead researchers on the Bucharest Early Intervention Project.
Based on the study, which started in 2001 and is scheduled to continue through the end of the decade, Nelson and his fellow researchers are convinced that prolonged stays in even fairly well-run orphanages do extraordinary damage to the minds and bodies of children , especially if the institutionalization occurs during critical months of early development.
"A child placed in foster or adoptive care before the age of 24 months is going to have a higher IQ, a stronger body, and an all-around better chance in life than a child who stays longer in an institution," said Nelson, who also directs the lab for cognitive neuroscience at Children's Hospital in Boston.
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